https://www.imosver.com/en/libros/la-orden-de-calatrava-03299802470329980247La orden de Calatrava25.65La Orden de Calatrava, cumplidos los 850 años de su existencia en 2008, fue la primera orden religiosomilitar creada en España y una de las primeras en Europa, para defender la cristiandad frente al ehttps://static.imosver.com/imagenes_small/9788441/978844142066.jpgLibrosLibros/HISTORIASin stockEDAF EDITORIAL000https://static.imosver.com/imagenes_small/9788441/978844142066.jpg00104281020329980426AGP00652172751.352015/11/179788441420663De Las Heras, JesúsLibrosaño_2015idioma_SpanishCformato_Tapa blanda o Bolsilloautor_De Las Heras, Jesússaga_HUMANIDADES
Artículo
La orden de Calatrava
De Las Heras Jesús
EDAF EDITORIAL
HISTORIA
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La Orden de Calatrava, cumplidos los 850 años de su existencia en 2008, fue la primera orden religiosomilitar creada en España y una de las primeras en Europa, para defender la cristiandad frente al empuje bélico del islam. Fue fundada en la ciudad-fortaleza de Calatrava en el siglo XII (en 1158), después de que los templarios no se vieran con coraje suficiente para defenderla frente a los ataques musulmanes. El abad Raimundo de Fitero (Navarra) y Diego Velázquez, monje de su monasterio que había sido guerrero en su juventud, se ofrecen voluntarios a Sancho III para hacerse cargo de la fortaleza. La Orden de Calatrava comenzó su andadura en un pequeño territorio hostil y semidespoblado y, en el discurrir de los siglos, sin dejar de guerrear, obtuvo importantes propiedades tanto en extensión como en valor económico. Se expandió por varias zonas de la Península Ibérica, incluso Portugal; su poder e influencia fueron enormes, en especial en el conocido todavía como Campo de Calatrava, y fue tan necesitada como temida por los reyes. Fernando el Católico, a finales del siglo XV, decide controlarla y, tras conseguir ser nombrado maestre, la anexiona a la Corona. Desde entonces, los reyes españoles, como grandes maestres, han administrado, vendido o hipotecado los bienes de la orden, desde las minas de Almadén hasta un sinfín de prebendas y de territorios que, en el siglo XIX, fueron definitivamente desamortizados. Hablar de la Orden de Calatrava es recrear el arte cisterciense, revivir la batalla de Las Navas de Tolosa, elegir entre el Pedro I el Cruel o el Justiciero, comprometerse con el partido de la Beltraneja o con el de Isabel, mostrarse tan excesivo como el condeduque de Olivares, o saber que, en la actualidad, es don Juan Carlos I quien ostenta la categoría de gran maestre de las Ordenes de Santiago, Calatrava, Alcántara y Montesa.